Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research

The Role of Psycho-education in Assessing Stress, Anxiety and Depression among Caregivers of Patients undergoing Electroconvulsive Therapy

Dr. Haroon-ur-Rashid — Thu, 10 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Psychiatric illnesses influence the entire relationship of a family unit. Caregivers provide useful contribution in maintaining the biological, physical, social, moral support. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is proficient, non-pharmacological treatment that is implemented for the management of psychiatric illnesses. ECT is very common and famous treatment in many psychiatric hospitals of Pakistan and hundreds of ECTs sessions are conducted in a single day to treat thousands of patients with mental health illnesses. Unfortunately, many psychiatrics are not providing an adequate awareness regarding ECT procedure/ treatment to their care-givers/families which is resulted into stress, anxiety and depression in caregivers. Aim: To evaluate stress, anxiety and depression among caregivers of patients who are undergoing electroconvulsive therapy and highlight the importance of psycho-education of caregiver of patients who are undergoing for ECT. Methods: It was hospital based cross sectional study conducted at Combined Military Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan. Sample of 35 individuals was chosen in the course of purposive sampling. They were acknowledged well regarding purpose of study. Each participant was interviewed at inpatient department of hospital facility. Interview was based on demographics and stress, anxiety and depression scale. Results: The research resulted into prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression among the caregivers of patients undergoing Electroconvulsive Therapy. Conclusion: The study suggests that caregivers played very important part in the management of mentally ill patients. Psychiatrists and other mental health professionals can achieve miraculous progress in the recovery of serious mental patients if provided psycho-education to caregivers of patients who are undergoing for ECT.

Background: Psychiatric illnesses influence the entire relationship of a family unit. Caregivers provide useful contribution in maintaining the biological, physical, social, moral support. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is proficient, non-pharmacological

Nighat Yasmin — Thu, 10 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Dynamics of Software and Strategic National Security: A Futuristic Perspective

Dr. Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman — Thu, 10 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study focuses on a comprehensive approach to National Security, encompassing the protection of a National Sovereignty, territorial integrity, and citizenry from internal and external threats. This multifaceted concept includes intelligence gathering, military defence, counterterrorism, cybersecurity, and related measures. The research addresses National Security in its broadest sense, incorporating the safeguarding of political stability, economic progress, and promotion of international interests. The research highlights the role of government institutions and agencies responsible for defence, as well as the vital functions of the intelligence community in ensuring National Security. In the rapidly evolving 21st century, where technological advancements are transforming the security landscape, countries are adapting and progressing at an unprecedented pace. Consequently, this study emphasizes the significance of software in various aspects of National Security, including Military Security (MS), Cyber Security (CS), Environmental Security (EnS), Economic Security (EcS), Border Security (BS), Intelligence Security (IS), Infrastructure Security (InfS), and Human Security (HS). The study anticipates a future where National Security will increasingly rely on the strength, reliability, and validity of software, effectively becoming a "war of software." The study provides theoretical and practical implications for future researchers and policymakers, offering valuable insights for the development of effective National Security strategies

FIFA WORLD CUP QATAR 2022: A TOOL OF SOFT POWER IMAGE

Abdul Waheed — Thu, 10 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Qatar has been using its soft power tools to enhance its influence across the region and globe. Among these tools’ diplomacy and mediation, education and research, culture, media, and sports are among the most prominent. Qatar got the privilege to hold and host the FIFA World Cup of 2022 by winning the bid in 2010. It was not only an opportunity for Qatar but a great challenge as well. Soccer World Cup is the second biggest sports event in the world, and its arrangement for a tiny state was challenging indeed. So, Qatar put many stakes on. This paper aims to study the FIFA World Cup 2022 as a tool of public diplomacy by Qatar and to find whether Qatar remained successful in enhancing its influence among the people across the region and the globe. This research paper applies qualitative and quantitative research methodology. To know the observations of the visitors to Qatar during the FIFA World Cup 2022, a structured questionnaire was sent to the visitors on their WhatsApp contact numbers. respondents from almost 18 countries from Asia, Europe, Africa, and South America were approached. They were asked various questions about Qatar’s role in the FIFA World Cup, its preparations and infrastructure for holding the World Cup, World Cup arrangements, etc. The respondents observed that FIFA World Cup arrangements, behavior of the locals with the foreigners, and arrangements of safety and security, inter alia, were up to the mark. Above all, as compared to the other FIFA World Cups, more than 90 percent respondents declared it as the best, recommended Qatar for another FIFA World Cup, and as the future destination. The results show that Qatar remained very successful in achieving its objectives of attaining a soft power image.