CHEMICAL PROFILING AND BIOANALYTICAL COMPARISON OF MALUS DOMESTICA VARIETIES (Gacha Apple and Kala Kulu Apple)

Abstract

Plants for therapeutic purposes have been used since ancient times. The current study compares the cytotoxic, anti-diabetic, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the Kala Kulu and Gacha apples (varieties of Malus domestica). In aqueous extract, the yield of Gacha and Kala Kulu was 57.492% and 43.988%, respectively. Gacha apple showed maximum values for both total phenols and flavonoid contents. The Gacha apple had a higher DPPH (67.87%) value than the Kala Kulu apple (77.10%). For alpha-amylase inhibition, the mean inhibition value of the Gacha apple was higher (86.69%) than Kala Kulu apple (69.27%). For antimicrobial activity, the zones of inhibition of the Gacha apple were 0 mm and 11 mm. In comparison, that of the Kala Kulu apples were 13 mm and 10 mm against E. coli and S. aureus respectively. The percent hemolysis by Gacha apple was 0.44% while for Kala Kulu it was 0.12%. FTIR of both varieties (Gacha and Kala Kulu apple) of Malus domestica showed the presence of compounds like alcohols, carboxylic acids, phenols, alkanes, esters, fluoride, secondary and primary amides. It is concluded that the aqueous extracts of both varieties have amazing pharmacological activities. Further research is needed to fully assess the remarkable qualities and therapeutic benefits of these medicinal plants.