AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS TO DETERMINE THE LABOR PRODUCTIVITY OF FEMALE HOMEBASED WORKERS IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN

Abstract

In Pakistan, the female labor force participation rate is 22.0% and
almost 36% of employed females are involved in the informal
economy and the most of them are home-based workers (HBWs). As
per the UN-Women report, HBWs (65% of them are women)
contributed nearly Rs. 400 billion through their earnings to the
economy. This figure is about 3.8% of the total GDP in the year
2013-14. Although they have a massive contribution in the informal
economy, they are overlooked and not included in the mainstream
market economy. They are confronting with the inter-generational
poverty as their earnings has not been influential in decreasing their
poverty level. There is an immense requirement to enhance their
capacity for the better productivity and improved living standards.
Against this backdrop, the basic objective of this study is to
empirically investigate the role of four factors namely, (1) human
capital (2) middle man (3) social capital, and (4) awareness of laws
in determining the labor productivity of female HBWs in Punjab.
“The Punjab Home-Based Workers Survey 2016” dataset, gathered
by the Bureau of Statistics Punjab, has been used for analysis. It is
observed that the labor productivity of female home-based workers is
on a higher side who have awareness of labor laws, received training,
a higher education, participated in industrial demonstrations, and
don’t depend on middleman for obtaining the raw material. The
results provide evidence to suggest policy implications and
implementation of regulations regarding HBWs for financial
empowerment.